![]() Empathizing requires that a listener not only discern a speaker’s intention, but also withhold judgment about that person and see things from his or her perspective. She suggested that “analyzing” may also involve discriminating-that is, distinguishing-between information and propaganda, research and personal experience, official business and small talk, and simple information and material which requires a listener to take action. offered a helpful elaboration on this type of listening. Communication work: Ethical, effective, and expressive communication in the workplace. In so doing, they may consider not only the content of the message, but also its stated and unstated intent, its context, and what kind of persuasive strategy the speaker may be using it as part of. Beyond simply receiving sound waves, listeners may employ critical judgment to ascertain the purpose behind a speaker’s message(s). In 1965, Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel sang in “The Sound of Silence” about “people hearing but not listening,” and this is really what Glatthorn and Adams were referring to. This is the simple physical act of having sound waves enter our ears and be transmitted into neural impulses sent to our brain. as identifying the following three types of listening: Listening your way to management success. cited Allan Glatthorn and Herbert Adams, Glatthorn, A.A., & Adams, H.R. Communicating in small groups Principles and practices (8 th ed.). When we listen attentively to friends, classmates, or work colleagues, we demonstrate our interest in them and thereby develop positive feelings in them about us.īeebe and Masterson, Beebe, S.A., & Masterson, J.T. Finally, just as Galanes and Adams indicated, we may listen because it helps other people or ourselves from the standpoint of our relationships. Perhaps we listen to music or watch and listen to video images on a mobile device, or we might attend a concert of music we enjoy. Third, we may listen recreationally, to relax and enjoy ourselves. For instance, we may have the radio on continuously but listen especially for and to stories and comments which are relevant to our work or study. Second, we may listen in order to screen and evaluate what we hear. Students listening to class lectures are pursuing this purpose. First, we may want to acquire information. ![]() proposed four purposes which they believe people have in mind as they listen to others. Business & professional communication in a digital age. Like Galanes and Adams, Waldeck, Kearney, and PlaxWaldeck, J. Instead, each of us embodies a mixture of the four preferences depending on the topic a group is dealing with, the developmental stage of the group, and other factors. In the real world, few people fit neatly and completely into a single category within Galanes and Adams’s typology of listeners. Their preference is usually for short, concise messages rather than extended ones. They may listen and watch especially for signs that other group members want to accelerate the pace of the group’s activities. Time-oriented listeners concern themselves above all with how a group’s activities fit into a calendar or schedule. What they primarily choose to hear and to share with others, thus, is material that they consider to be factual. They tend to seek, provide, and analyze information that has been gathered through research. ![]() Action-oriented listeners will generally retain and share details and information which they believe will keep a group moving.Ĭontent-oriented listeners are those who care particularly about the specifics of a group’s discussions. (Think back to chapter 1, where we differentiated between the “task” and “relationship” sides of group interaction). In a group, people-oriented listeners may share their feelings openly and strive to defuse anger or frustration on the part of other members.Īction-oriented listeners, by comparison, prefer to focus on tasks that they and their fellow communicators have set for themselves. For instance, best friends are probably people who practice nonjudgmental listening in an effort to understand and support each other. People-oriented listeners, also known as “relational listeners,” direct themselves toward detecting and preserving positive emotional features of a relationship. wrote that people fall into four possible orientation categories as they listen to one another in groups. Effective group discussion: Theory and practice. Galanes and Adams, Galanes, G., & Adams, K. Several theorists have identified types of listening which can help us understand our own behavior and that of others. Likewise, the ways we listen vary according to our preferences and purposes. People speak for various reasons and with various goals in mind. Preferences, Purposes, and Types of Listening
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